  Middle East conflict

A fragile ceasefire between Israel and Iran has been in place since 24 June. There are contradictory statements about the damage to Iranian nuclear facilities and the whereabouts of the enriched uranium. Tehran has temporarily suspended its cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Europe's press analyses the situation.

Israel and Iran appear to be observing the ceasefire announced by Donald Trump on Tuesday after several days of the two countries exchanging rocket fire and unusually harsh criticism of their respective leaders by the US president. Europe's press comments on the display of power from Washington and discusses what should follow.

The US airforce has dropped 'bunker buster' bombs on Iranian nuclear sites. The extent of the damage inflicted is not yet clear, particularly with regard to the Fordo facility, which is surrounded by mountains. The aim of operation, which was ordered by President Donald Trump, was to incapacitate the Iranian nuclear weapons programme, whose existence Iran denies. Europe's press assesses the situation.

The Gaza aid ship Madleen was intercepted by Israeli forces on Monday morning. The Foreign Ministry in Tel Aviv described the boat as a 'selfie yacht' and explained that the activists on board, including Greta Thunberg, had been detained and deported on Tuesday. The European press criticise both the boat action plan and the reaction.

The expansion of the ground offensive in the Gaza Strip is prompting growing criticism of the Israeli military's operations. A number of people have also been killed or wounded in skirmishes at aid distribution points run by the Israeli- and US-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF).

On Friday, nine of a doctor's ten children were reportedly killed when her home was hit by an airstrike in the Gaza Strip. Israel's harsh military actions and the lack of food supplies and aid have already provoked growing international criticism. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz has said that acts that entail such suffering for the civilian population could no longer be justified as a fight against terrorism. Europe's media reflect on what is being said and done.

Following airstrikes last week, the Israeli military announced on Saturday that it has launched a new ground offensive in the Gaza Strip. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had previously announced the intention of conquering and permanently occupying the area. According to Palestinian sources, dozens of people are being killed in the attacks every day.

Following the announcement of Israel's plan to conquer and permanently occupy the Gaza Strip, spokespersons for the terrorist militia group Hamas have declared that they are no longer interested in negotiating a ceasefire. Israeli army chief Eyal Zamir has announced that tens of thousands of reservists will be called up for the upcoming operations.

Israel has expanded its military offensive and declared almost all of Gaza a "combat zone". Its army hit a hospital in Gaza City again during air strikes. According to the UN, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are being forced into an ever smaller area because Israel wants to establish so-called security zones. Europe's press is increasingly critical of the Israeli offensive that began after the Hamas terrorist attack.

After 15 medics in a convoy of ambulances were shot dead by Israeli soldiers on 23 March, Israel claimed the vehicles had been moving in a suspicious way and did not have their emergency signals on. After video footage emerged that clearly shows the ambulances had their emergency and headlights on when the shots were fired, Israel admitted its account had been mistaken. Despite lingering uncertainties, commentators are deeply unsettled by the evidence.

The Israeli military has stepped up its attacks in Gaza since the ceasefire ended. According to the Hamas-controlled authorities more than 800 people have been killed there in the last ten days. In Israel, tens of thousands have taken to the streets to protest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's policies, while in the Gaza Strip several hundred have protested against Hamas. This conflict must not be forgotten, warns Europe's press.

Israel began carrying out air strikes in the Gaza Strip again on Tuesday night. More than 400 people have been killed so far, according to Palestinian sources. The ceasefire that has been in place since January was supposed to have entered a second, extended phase, but Israel would only agree to this if Hamas released all remaining hostages, disarmed and relinquished control of the Gaza Strip, which it has refused to do.

Donald Trump has suggested resettling most of the inhabitants of the Gaza Strip in Jordan and Egypt, where he said they could "live in peace for a change". Both countries immediately rejected the idea, while far-right circles in Israel have endorsed it. Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas warned against the repercussions of a mass displacement of the ruined coastal strip's inhabitants.

The initial six-week ceasefire between Israel and Hamas came into force on Sunday. The terrorist organisation handed over three Israeli hostages, with 95 reportedly still being held. On 7 October 2023, Hamas abducted around 250 hostages in total. As agreed, Israel released 90 Palestinian prisoners in exchange. Europe's commentators voice relief, but also scepticism.

A ceasefire between Israel and Hamas is to come into force in the Gaza Strip on Sunday. In the first of three phases, 33 Israeli hostages and hundreds of Palestinian prisoners are to be released in batches. Commentators discuss whether the agreement can bring lasting peace to the region.

There are growing signs that an agreement in the Gaza war is imminent. A draft agreement provides for the exchange of 33 Israeli hostages for around 1,000 Palestinian prisoners and a 42-day ceasefire, with Israel's army withdrawing from parts of the Gaza Strip. During this time further releases and a long-term ceasefire would be negotiated.

One week after their surprise invasion of Aleppo, rebel groups have forced the Syrian army to withdraw from the city of Hama 130 kilometres to the south. Hama, the country's fourth-largest city, had been under the control of the Assad regime for the duration of the civil war that began in 2011. Commentators see the regime under mounting pressure.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his former defence minister Yoav Gallant and Hamas leader Mohammed Deif for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity. Israel and the United States, which do not officially recognise the ICC, have harshly criticised the move. Europe's press is divided.

Pro-Palestinian rioters hunted down and attacked Israeli fans after a football match between Ajax Amsterdam and Maccabi Tel Aviv last week. Europe's press sees the violence as evidence of an antisemitic trend. But it also finds the reactions to the incidents worrying.

Israel has banned the Palestinian relief organisation UNRWA from operating on Israeli territory as of next year. The Knesset's decision could make life even more difficult in the Palestinian territories, since Israel controls the borders there. Commentators question the allegations that the agency is a terrorist organisation and shed light on the background to these developments.

On Friday night Israel carried out its announced strike in retaliation for Iran's missile attacks at the beginning of October. It remains unclear which targets were hit. Iran's reaction was ambivalent: Tehran insisted on its "right" to respond, while Ayatollah Khamenei said the attacks should "neither be exaggerated nor minimised". Europe's press breathes a sigh of relief.

Yahya Sinwar, the leader of the radical Islamic Hamas movement and alleged mastermind behind the massacre of 7 October 2023, has been killed during an Israeli military operation in the Gaza Strip, according to the Israeli Foreign Ministry. Commentators discuss to what extent this opens up new opportunities.

Since Hamas's attack and the massacre of 7 October, Israel has been battling Hamas in Gaza and has now also launched a major offensive against the Islamist-Shiite Hezbollah organisation in Lebanon. The Middle East conflict is impacting the entire region. Europe's media cast about for ways to untangle the web of conflicts.

On 7 October 2023, Hamas terrorists crossed from the Gaza Strip into Israel, murdered around 1,200 people and took some 250 hostages back to Gaza. Israel responded with massive airstrikes and a ground offensive. The resulting war has left thousands of Palestinians dead or wounded. In the meantime Israel is also at war with Hezbollah in Lebanon. The media take stock on the first anniversary of the massacre.

Israel's airstrikes and ground offensive in Lebanon continue, and it has also carried out its first airstrike in the West Bank in several years. At the same time Hezbollah is firing missiles at Israeli territory. It remains unclear how Israel will react to Iran's ballistic missile attacks on Tuesday. Europe's press discusses the potential consequences of direct military action by Israel against the Islamic Republic.

Despite Iran's missile attacks, Israel's airstrikes in southern Lebanon continue and it also launched a ground offensive on Monday night. According to the Israeli military the objective is to carry out 'limited, localised attacks against Hezbollah targets'. Commentators in Europe's press situate the operation in a larger context.

Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah was killed on Friday in an Israeli airstrike on the militia's headquarters in a Beirut suburb. Nasrallah was secretary general of Hezbollah for more than three decades and one of the key figures in the pro-Iranian 'Axis of Resistance'. Commentators discuss the next steps of the conflicting parties.

The situation in Lebanon has taken a dramatic turn for the worse. Israel's intensified air strikes against Hezbollah have killed hundreds of people and forced thousands more to flee their homes. Statements by the Israeli military have been construed as an indication that a ground offensive is imminent. The Hezbollah militia has continued to fire missiles into northern Israel and also targeted the greater Tel Aviv area for the first time. Calls by the US and other states for an immediate ceasefire have gone unheeded.

The International Court of Justice in The Hague has called on Israel to better protect the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip, but did not order an immediate end to the military offensive. The ICJ has not yet ruled on the claim of genocide brought by South Africa, but has declared that the matter does fall within its jurisdiction. Commentators debate the potential consequences for all the involved parties.

Israel has been carrying out airstrikes against Islamist Hezbollah militia targets in southern Lebanon since Thursday night, according to its own statements. Defence Minister Yoav Gallant announced that the war was now entering a new phase. Europe's press discusses this latest development, and also the foregoing mass attacks involving exploding pagers and walkie-talkies, and their potential to set a precedent.

The British government has suspended some arms exports to Israel. UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy explained that the move was prompted by concerns that certain weapons could be used to 'commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law'. Europe's press takes stock.

The largest protests since 7 October have taken place in Israel after the army recovered the bodies of six hostages from a tunnel under Rafah. Hundreds of thousands of people gathered on Sunday to demand that a deal be struck with the radical Islamic organisation Hamas to free the remaining 101 hostages. A general strike on Monday was ended by court injunction. Can the public outcry bring a change of course?

Israel has launched a major military operation in the West Bank; at least nine Palestinians have been killed so far, apparently including a Hamas fighter. The UN sharply criticised the operation for causing unnecessary loss of life and called for the protection of civilians. Israel has declared that it is looking for those behind an attempted suicide bombing on 18 August and has accused Iran of trying to establish a terrorist network in the West Bank.

The Hezbollah militia says it has fired more than 320 rockets at Israel in the 'first phase' of the announced response to the killing of Hezbollah commander Fuad Shukr just under a month ago. Immediately before the attack, the Israeli military launched pre-emptive strikes against dozens of militia positions in Lebanon. Europe's press weighs up the risk of further escalation.

Israeli missiles have hit a school compound in Gaza City where a refugee shelter and a prayer room serving as a mosque had been set up. Palestinian sources say more than 100 civilians died in the attack. The Israeli military described the operation as a precision strike on a Hamas command centre. Europe's press struggles to find the right words.

The radical Islamic Hamas organisation has appointed Yahya Sinwar as successor to its assassinated former leader Ismail Haniyeh. Sinwar (61) lives in hiding and is believed to be the mastermind of the 7 October massacre in which around 1,200 people were killed in southern Israel. Commentators debate the repercussions.

The US has appealed to Israel and Iran to not let the conflict escalate further. At the same time it has deployed more fighter jets to the Middle East to boost Israel's protection. The media continue to speculate on how Iran will respond to the killing of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh.

The assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran has provoked harsh reactions and concerns about escalation. Iran has vowed to take revenge on Israel, which it blames for the deadly bombing. Russia, China and Turkey have also condemned the attack. Commentators analyse the events and potential consequences.

Three days after the deadly attack on the Golan Heights, Israel has attacked a suburb of Beirut. According to the Israeli army, a Hezbollah military commander - Fuad Shukr - was the target. It is not yet clear whether he survived. Hamas has also accused Israel of killing its political leader Ismail Haniya in an airstrike in Tehran.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gave his fourth address to the US Congress on Wednesday. He defended Israel's military actions in the Gaza Strip and promised to defeat Hamas. Israel is doing all it can to protect civilians but Hamas puts them in harm's way, he said. Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi sharply criticised the speech. Europe's commentators are also dissatisfied.

Tensions between Israel and the Lebanese Islamist Hezbollah militia have increased after the Israeli army announced it had authorised plans for a possible intervention in Lebanon. Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah threatened Cyprus would become "part of the war" if Cypriot harbours and airports were used for attacks - a scenario which Nicosia immediately ruled out. Europe's press analyses the developments.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has dissolved Israel's war cabinet. The move came in response to the demonstrative resignation of the comparatively moderate Benny Gantz and the desire on the part of more extreme ministers to join the war cabinet, which had been formed after the Hamas attack, and in which decisions have been made behind closed doors. Europe's press looks deeper.

Benny Gantz has resigned from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's emergency government. With this step the popular former military chief made good on his threat to withdraw his support from the war cabinet formed after the Hamas terrorist attack if the head of government failed to present a post-war plan for the Gaza Strip. But even without Gantz's party Netanyahu still commands a parliamentary majority.

US President Joe Biden has presented a new plan for a ceasefire in the Gaza Strip involving the release of hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners and the withdrawal of Israeli forces from occupied areas in Gaza. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, however, is insisting on the goal of destroying Hamas's military capabilities. Tens of thousands of people in Israel have demonstrated in favour of the plan being accepted.

The UN Security Council will decide on a resolution calling for an immediate end to Israel's Rafah offensive today. The International Court of Justice had previously passed a ruling which many interpret as a call on Israel to stop its offensive. Commentators are divided over the implications.

The governments of Spain, Ireland and Norway have announced that they intend to recognise the state of Palestine in the coming days. Israel has condemned the move as support for Hamas terrorism and recalled its ambassadors from Dublin and Oslo. A similar decision is expected regarding Madrid. A glance at Europe's commentary sections shows how divided opinions are on the subject.

The application by the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for arrest warrants against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defence Minister Yoav Gallant as well as three Hamas leaders has electrified the international community. The charges are war crimes and crimes against humanity in Israel and Gaza. Israel, the US, the UK and Germany have criticised the bid saying it equates the leaders of a democratic country with terrorists. Commentators weigh in.

The negotiations between Israel and the radical Islamic organisation Hamas are apparently making progress. According to the British Foreign Office, Israel has made an offer of a 40-day ceasefire in return for the release of Israeli hostages. Commentators discuss whether the impending offensive in Rafah can still be prevented.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan received the head of the Hamas politburo, Ismail Haniyeh, in Istanbul on Saturday and spoke to him about humanitarian aid and a potential ceasefire. Was this show of closeness a blatant faux pas or clever politics?

In the wake of the Iranian drone and missile attack on Israel the situation in the Middle East remains tense. US President Joe Biden had urged Israel to show restraint. On Friday, there were explosions at an airbase in the Iranian region of Isfahan. Israel has not commented on speculation that this was an attack. Europe's press weighs up the situation.

In March, against the backdrop of the current war, Spain, Ireland and Slovenia declared their intention to recognise a Palestinian state. Now they are taking concrete steps: Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has said he aims to achieve recognition by the end of June and is campaigning for further support for the initiative. Ireland's Foreign Minister Micheál Martin is set to present his government with a proposal for recognition. Opinions are divided.

Iran launched its first direct attack on Israel on Sunday. Tehran fired more than 300 drones and missiles but with the help of Israel's allies 99 percent of the projectiles were neutralised, according to the Israeli armed forces. Iran had promised to retaliate after seven Revolutionary Guards were killed in Damascus on 1 April. Europe's press takes very different views of the scope and consequences of the attack.

Around two hours after it kicked off, the Berlin police broke up an event on Friday that had been registered as a "Palestine Congress". The authorities justified the move by stating that one of the online speakers was banned from political activity in Germany for hate speech against Israel and Jews. According to media reports, people who were planning to attend were banned from entering the country in the run-up to the event.

Six months have passed since the attack on Israel by the radical Islamic organisation Hamas. The militias killed over 1,200 people and took more than 250 hostages. Israel's attempt to defeat the terrorist organisation for good with an offensive in Gaza has so far failed: there are still around 130 hostages and Hamas is still fighting. Meanwhile, criticism of the high number of civilian deaths and the humanitarian disaster in the area is growing ever louder. The Israeli army has now partially withdrawn from the south of the Gaza Strip.

Following massive international criticism over the deaths of seven aid workers from the World Central Kitchen in the Gaza Strip, Israel's government has admitted mistakes were made and has now announced the opening of checkpoints to facilitate humanitarian aid deliveries. The pressure on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is also growing within Israel.

The UN Security Council has adopted an appeal for an "immediate ceasefire" in the Gaza Strip, with 14 votes in favour and the US abstaining. The resolution calls for both a ceasefire until the end of Ramadan and the release of the hostages taken by the radical Islamic Hamas organisation. Israel has reacted with outrage, while Hamas has thanked the Security Council but demanded that the hostages be exchanged for Palestinian prisoners.

As a result of Israel's war on the radical Islamic Hamas organisation in the Gaza Strip, the situation for the civilian population has deteriorated to such an extent that, according to the US, the entire population is at risk of starving to death. EU foreign affairs representative Josep Borrell has accused Israel of using hunger as a weapon of war because aid supplies have been stuck at checkpoints for far too long. Netanyahu refuted the accusation, saying that Israel has made every effort to facilitate aid deliveries.

In September 2023, relations between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan were still friendly, but have cooled since Turkey clearly sided with the Islamist terrorist organisation Hamas after the attack on Israel on 7 October which triggered the current war. According to Turkish media, however, Erdoğan's position is not as clear it would appear to be.

The US has begun delivering aid to the civilian population in the Gaza Strip by air. On Saturday 38,000 meals were reportedly dropped over the war zone. Washington is apparently planning a large-scale operation for the coming weeks.

According to the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry, at least 100 Palestinians were killed as they tried to access food from aid trucks in the north of the Gaza Strip. The true circumstances of the incident remain unclear: Israel has confirmed the tragedy, but rejects accusations that Israeli forces fired into the crowd. Commentators see the incident as symbolic of the current situation in Gaza.

Israel has stepped up its military operation in the south of the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, fears are growing that there will be a major ground offensive in Rafah, the city bordering with Egypt where over a million internally displaced people are trapped. The US has said it plans to submit a proposal to the UN Security Council for a temporary ceasefire as soon as possible. Commentators call on the political actors to be reasonable.

Israel's announced offensive in Rafah has triggered a wave of international concern. South Africa has once again filed an urgent request with the highest UN court to block the move. At the same time negotiations are underway in Cairo regarding a ceasefire and an exchange of hostages held by Hamas. Commentators discuss whether these measures can guarantee the security of the more than 1.3 million displaced persons in Rafah.

The US military says it has attacked more than 85 targets in Iraq and Syria that are linked to the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and Iranian-backed militias. According to Iraqi sources, at least 16 people were killed. The strikes were Washington's response to the death of three US soldiers in a drone attack in Jordan. Europe's press sees an extremely dangerous situation developing.

Several countries including the US, Germany, France and the UK have suspended funding for the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), and the EU is considering following suit. The decisions came after Israel presented data according to which twelve employees of the aid agency were involved in the 7 October attack by the Islamist Hamas organisation. The Wall Street Journal has also cited intelligence reports according to which one in ten UNRWA employees has links to terrorist organisations.

In the run-up to a meeting of foreign ministers yesterday, the EU once again spoke out in favour of the two-state solution in the Middle East. US President Joe Biden had made it clear to Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu shortly before that the US remains committed to the two-state solution as the path to peace between Israel and the Palestinians. Commentators debate how realistic this goal is, now and in the future.

Israel has defended itself before the International Court of Justice in The Hague against charges brought by South Africa that it is committing genocide against the Palestinians in its war against the radical Islamist Hamas organisation in the Gaza Strip. Israel's defence stated that the military action in the Gaza Strip constitutes self-defence against the terrorist Hamas, and that the suffering of civilians was part of the latter's strategy.

The Lebanese Hezbollah militia has blamed Israel for the killing of Hamas leader Saleh al-Arouri in a drone attack on a Beirut suburb. Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah declared that the attack would not go unanswered. There has been no confirmation of Israel's responsibility from the Israeli side. Commentators ask whether a new conflagration is looming in the region.

Against the backdrop of the war in the Gaza Strip, the number of attacks by Yemeni Houthi rebels against tankers and freighters headed to and from Israel via the Red Sea has markedly increased. As a result, several shipping companies have announced that they will now avoid this key trade route. The US government has called for an international military alliance against the Iranian-backed militias. Europe's press examines the complex situation.

Israel has, as announced, continued its operations against the radical Islamic Hamas in the Gaza Strip despite the latest UN resolution. But now a terrible mistake has been made: three of the hostages kidnapped by Hamas were accidentally shot dead by Israeli soldiers. Commentators discuss whether this is a sign that Israel should change its strategy.

The UN General Assembly has spoken out in favour of an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in the Gaza Strip so that basic necessities can be provided to the thousands of displaced persons in the area who are freezing and starving. Israel has once again stressed that the radical Islamic Hamas organisation is using people as shields and that the fighting will continue until it is defeated. Commentators bemoan the lack of plans for what comes after.

Israel resumed the fight against radical Islamic Hamas on Friday. There have been air strikes across the Gaza Strip and Israeli ground troops have apparently also advanced into southern Gaza. Meanwhile, Washington has upped the pressure on Israel to minimise the impact on the civilian population. Europe's press examines different aspects of the war.

The ceasefire between Israel and the terrorist organisation Hamas has been extended until Thursday. According to Egyptian sources, ten of the hostages held in the Gaza Strip are now being exchanged for thirty Palestinian prisoners every day and aid supplies are being delivered to Gaza. In total, 81 of the presumed 240 hostages have been released so far. Commentators take different views of the deal.

The ceasefire agreed between Israel and the radical Islamic Hamas group to allow an exchange of hostages and prisoners came into force on Friday morning. It is expected to last for at least four days and, according to mediator Qatar, could be extended to as many as ten. An initial 50 of the presumed 240 hostages held by Hamas are now to be released in exchange for Israel releasing 150 Palestinian prisoners.

The high number of civilian casualties in the Gaza Strip, where Israel is fighting radical Islamic Hamas, is drawing growing criticism from the international community. According to the Hamas-controlled health authority more than 13,000 people have already been killed. Israel has stressed that it wants to avoid civilian casualties, but that the tunnels where Hamas is hiding hostages as well as weapons and supplies run under civilian facilities. Europe's press reflects the widespread controversy.

Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg and the global climate protection movement Fridays for Future are facing growing criticism for their pro-Palestinian stance. Most recently, one of the speakers at a climate rally on Sunday in Amsterdam gave the microphone to an activist who used the phrase, "From the river to the sea, Palestine will be free". Environmentalism must not be hijacked by other causes, commentators warn.

Before the brutal 7 October attack on Israel by radical-Islamic Hamas there were mass demonstrations against Benjamin Netanyahu and his ultranationalist religious goverment. These have now disappeared in the face of the threat to the country, but criticism is still being voiced, such as when Netanyahu blamed the intelligence network for not warning about the terror attacks. In the eyes of media commentators, Netanyahu is simply incompetent.

Israel continues to attack suspected positions of the radical Islamic militia Hamas in Gaza. According to the Israeli army, weapons, military technology and a Hamas command centre were found when al-Shifa hospital was stormed. Meanwhile, international pressure on Israel to prioritise the protection of civilians in its operations is growing. Commentators also voice other concerns.

The Israeli government continues to insist that there will be no ceasefire in the Gaza Strip without the release of all hostages by radical Islamic organisation Hamas. However, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has declared that he is prepared to make "tactical little pauses" to facilitate the release of hostages and the delivery of humanitarian supplies, which aid organisations say are urgently needed. Europe's press takes stock.

First he presented himself as a potential mediator between Israel and Hamas, then Turkey's President Erdoğan described Israel as a "war criminal" and Hamas as a "group of liberators". Commentators debate what consequences this stance could and should have.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has drawn heavy criticism with a speech on the Middle East conflict. Guterres condemned the attack by the radical Islamic Hamas on Israel as "appalling", but at the same time denounced the "suffocating occupation" of the Palestinian territories. The attacks did not take place in a vacuum, he said. Commentaries reflect both outrage and understanding for his position.

Following the radical Islamic Hamas organisation's attack on Israel, the EU is struggling to find a united stance. At a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Luxembourg it became clear that the demand for a humanitarian ceasefire for Gaza is particularly controversial. Countries like Spain and Ireland are in favour, while Germany and Austria have voiced doubts. The commentaries reflect the divided views in the decision-making process.

After the attack by the radical Islamic Hamas on Israel and the Israeli military's response in the Gaza Strip, tensions are also running high in Europe. There have been numerous expressions of sympathy with Hamas and antisemitic slogans at pro-Palestinian demonstrations, and in Berlin a synagogue was attacked. Europe's press voices concern.

During its terrorist attack on Israel, radical Islamic Hamas took more than 200 hostages. Just over two weeks after the kidnappings, first two US citizens - a mother and her daughter - then two Israeli senior citizens have been released. It appears that Egypt and Qatar were involved as mediators. Europe's press discusses this unaccustomed role for Qatar in particular.

The authoritarian Iranian regime has been supporting armed groups such as the radical Islamic Hamas and the Lebanese Hezbollah with money and weapons for years. Since the terrorist attack by Hamas on 7 October, Tehran has repeatedly threatened military involvement should Israel or the US "cross red lines". Commentators shed light on Iran's role in the Middle East and assess the threat of Iranian intervention.

Following Hamas's brutal terrorist attack, most press voices in Europe agree that as long as the radical Islamic group controls the Gaza Strip, peace between Israelis and Palestinians is impossible. However, defeating Hamas will be a difficult process and incur heavy civilian casualties. Commentators look at long-term scenarios.

The world is in shock after a missile hit the al-Ahli Arab Hospital in Gaza. Hundreds of people were reportedly killed in the blast. Hamas has blamed Israel, but the Israeli military has denied the accusation saying that the destruction wreaked by the explosion does not match its weapons and that intercepted communications and radar images indicate that the damage was caused by the misfiring of a rocket launched by the Islamic Jihad group. The press examines the uproar in the media.

US President Joe Biden arrived in Israel today, Wednesday. The US has repeatedly stressed its solidarity with Israel since the terrorist attack by the radical Islamic Hamas, but it has also insisted that Gaza's civilian population must be protected. Commentators pin their hopes on Biden as a mediator, but a planned meeting with Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas has been postponed after missiles hit a hospital in Gaza.

Much is being written about the geostrategic backdrop to the new war triggered by Hamas' attack on Israeli civilians and military facilities. The role of Iran and even Saudi Arabia are also in the spotlight. In this section we gather voices analysing the situation.

After the brutal attack by Hamas, Israel has vowed to respond forcefully against the Islamist terrorist organisation. The Gaza Strip has been sealed off and is being shelled, and there is also talk of a ground offensive. Water and electricity have been cut off, a move which has been condemned by the UN. The US has told Israel to adhere to the "rules of war". Europe's press debates what a proportionate response might be.

In several European countries there have been pro-Palestinian demonstrations in reaction to Hamas' attacks on Israel, with participants not only expressing solidarity with the people in Gaza but also glorifying Hamas' terrorist acts, antisemitic incidents and violence. Commentators discuss the limits and meaning of freedom of expression.

Israel is at war after the radical Islamic Hamas organisation launched a brutal attack against the country on Saturday. Negotiations are underway to secure the release of Israeli hostages taken into Gaza by Hamas fighters. The number of dead on the Israeli side now exceeds 1,200, and according to Israeli sources at least 1,000 armed Palestinians have been killed. Commentators discuss how the war might develop from here.

In the early hours of Saturday the radical Islamic Hamas organisation fired thousands of rockets at Israel and armed Palestinian militants broke through the barriers surrounding the Gaza Strip and entered Israel, shooting and killing hundreds of Israelis in several communities on the border and abducting more than 100 people. According to Israeli sources, Hamas continues to fire missiles, while Israel is now bombing targets in Gaza. Europe's press discusses what should be done and looks at who benefits from the escalation.

Israel has announced the completion of a two-day large-scale military offensive in the West Bank. Prime Minister Netanyahu explained, however, that this was "not a one-off operation". After several air strikes, ground troops were sent in to carry out raids in the city of Jenin, which is considered a militant Islamist stronghold. According to the Palestinians at least 13 people were killed. Commentators voice concern.

Israeli settlers set fire to dozens of houses and cars in the Palestinian town of Huwara, leaving hundreds injured. The attack occurred after two Israelis were shot dead there by suspected Palestinian assailants. The far-right and Zionist Israel finance minister, Bezalul Smotrich, and other representatives of Israel's ruling coalition praised the settlers' reaction. Commentators are alarmed about this government.

Nine Palestinians killed in a police raid in Jenin; seven Israelis killed after shots were fired outside a synagogue; dozens of people injured on both sides: this is the tragic tally of a recent eruption of violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israel's new government has passed new anti-terror laws in reaction to the incidents and plans to facilitate access to arms for Israeli civilians. Commentators are concerned.

Israel's new ultra-nationalist and far-right Minister of National Security, Itamar Ben-Gvir, has provoked criticism with a visit to Jerusalem's Temple Mount. The Mount, with the Al-Aqsa Mosque at the top and the Wailing Wall at the bottom, is the main holy site in Jerusalem for both Jews and Muslims and a highly sensitive issue in the Israel-Palestine conflict. Visits are strictly regulated and this is the first time an Israeli minister has been to the site in five years.

The Israeli government and representatives of Islamic Jihad have agreed on a ceasefire with Egyptian mediation. At least for the first few hours on Monday, both sides have adhered to the truce. A look at Europe's commentaries shows how unstable the situation in and around the Gaza Strip remains.

Swedish Foreign Minister Ann Linde visited Israel this week - the first official visit to the country by a Swedish top diplomat in over ten years. In 2014, Sweden was one of the first European countries to recognise Palestine as a state, after which Israel withdrew its ambassador. The press welcomes the thaw in relations.

The US ice cream company Ben and Jerry's plans to stop selling its products in the West Bank and East Jerusalem from 2022. The text announcing the move on its website says it is inconsistent with the company's values "for Ben and Jerry's ice cream to be sold in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT)". Ultimately it's all about marketing, commentators say.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken travelled to Jerusalem and Ramallah on Tuesday to meet with Israeli and Palestinian representatives. The US government wants to help the reconstruction effort in Gaza, at the same time making sure that the funds for this purpose bypass Hamas. The ceasefire negotiated between Israel and Hamas is holding for the time being, but commentators doubt that a lasting solution can be found.

The Israel-Palestine conflict has taken on new levels of violence in recent days, and yet much of what is happening appears to follow a familiar pattern. The radical Hamas fires rockets at Israeli cities, and Israel's army responds with counterattacks on Gaza, invoking the right to self-defence. Europe's press discusses ways out of the deadlock.

As the situation escalates in the Middle East, Europe has seen a spate of anti-Israeli demonstrations and anti-Semitic attacks in recent days. Commentators voice concern and discuss strategies to combat anti-Semitism.

While the UN Security Council was still unable to agree on a joint statement in its fourth emergency session on the conflict over Gaza, individual international players have taken action. The US has called on Israel to de-escalate, China has invited both parties to negotiations, and Turkey's President Erdoğan has raked Israel and the West over the coals. Europe's press comments.

Israel's army has intensified its attacks on the Gaza Strip. Air and ground troops have been deployed, but so far no soldiers have entered the area. The move came after Hamas carried out further rocket attacks on Israel on Thursday. Europe's media examine the interests driving the escalation.

The Israeli government is currently considering controversial plans to annex areas in the occupied West Bank. US President Donald Trump gave the green light for the move at the beginning of the year with his peace plan. Soon after, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced the annexation would begin in the summer. His government's coalition agreement sets July 1 as the date.

In the effort to provide balanced commentary on the Middle East crisis, the Swiss daily Le Temps is publishing four very different points of view starting today - coinciding with missile attacks from Gaza against Israel. We publish excerpts from the first two texts.

Europe's journalists are preoccupied with the escalation of violence on the border between Gaza and Israel, where at least 60 Palestinians have died in an Israeli military operation against Palestinian demonstrators and Hamas targets. Among the most recent press voices is an article on Palestine's "victim myth" and criticism of Hamas for exploiting Palestinian civil society.

In May 1948 David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the founding of the State of Israel with the Declaration of Independence. The 70th anniversary has been overshadowed by the conflict with the Palestinians and domestic problems. Is this the state its founders dreamed of seven decades ago?

For the Palestinians 15 May 1948 marked the beginning of the Nakba - the Arabic word for "catastrophe". On this day they traditionally commemorate the flight and expulsion of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians driven from their homeland as a result of the war waged by Arab states against the newly founded Israel. Journalists take the opportunity to look back on the past.

Soldiers shot at Palestinians during protests near the Gaza-Israel border and killed at least 17 people. In the run-up to the anniversary of the founding of the State of Israel and the inauguration of the US embassy in Jerusalem European commentators fear the violence will escalate and call for moderation.