Finland: Journalism as treason

In January 2023, Tuomo Pietiläinen and Laura Halminen, two journalists from Helsingin Sanomat, Finland's highest-circulation daily newspaper, were convicted of disclosing state secrets in an article they had written at the end of 2017 concerning military intelligence. The judges ruled that they had quoted from old, classified documents, and although the content was no longer considered relevant for national security – a point on which even the court agreed – they were found guilty. Helsingin Sanomat insisted that all the information had already been publicly accessible, and the journalists argued that its publication was in the public interest since there was a debate at the time about giving the intelligence services extensive powers. The journalists have lodged an appeal.

Helsingin-Sanomat editor-in-chief Kaius Niemi awaits his hearing in the trial of two of the newspaper's editors for alleged betrayal of state secrets. (© picture alliance / ASSOCIATED PRESS / Markku Ulander)
Helsingin-Sanomat editor-in-chief Kaius Niemi awaits his hearing in the trial of two of the newspaper's editors for alleged betrayal of state secrets. (© picture alliance / ASSOCIATED PRESS / Markku Ulander)
The trial made waves across the country and was also repeatedly criticised by Reporters Without Borders. Observers considered the charge that the journalists had planned to publish further state secrets particularly odd, because it meant that even the unpublished articles were included in the indictment. The journalists were acquitted of that particular charge. Pietiläinen was ordered to pay a fine, Halminen, whose role in writing the article was considered minor by the court, got off without a fine, and a third journalist was acquitted. The public prosecutor’s office had originally demanded an 18-month suspended sentence for the journalists.

Reporters Without Borders has warned that the ruling sets a dangerous precedent: “If a country at the top of the Press Freedom Index puts journalists on trial for reporting on national security issues, what signal does this send to countries further down in the ranking?”

Public broadcaster Yle facing headwinds

Finland’s public broadcasting company Yle is also facing turbulent times. During the election campaign for the parliamentary elections at the beginning of April 2023, several parties called for cuts to Yle's budget – pointing in the same breath to the high level of national debt, which they said required a stringent austerity programme. Yle is financed by a special tax, so it remains unclear how the cutbacks are to be implemented.

At the beginning of 2021, the media industry’s umbrella organisation had already complained about text-based articles being freely available on the Yle website, putting the publicly funded broadcaster in competition with print media. Since March, Yle has had to link all text-based news on its site to the corresponding video content.

At the same time, the Sanoma Group, which not only publishes Finland’s leading daily Helsingin Sanomat, but also owns a TV station and a textbook publisher, has filed a complaint with the EU Commission against Yle’s extensive streaming services and free digital learning materials, which are available on a dedicated Yle website. Sanoma argues that none of this falls within the remit of a publicly funded broadcaster. The proceedings could drag on for years.


World Press Freedom Index (Reporters Without Borders):
Rank 5 (2024)

Last updated: August 2024
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